Overseas Production
Advancement in Overseas Affiliates
Full-scale overseas production by Toyota in the post-World War II period focused on development of sites in Southeast Asia and Latin America. The first step was the establishment of a manufacturing company in Brazil, a resource-rich country with the highest national income in the underdeveloped region of Latin America and high potential for future market development, as well as a large number of Japanese immigrants since the pre-war period with a strong interest in Japanese products, and the anticipation of a national law that would domesticate the automobile industry. Initial overseas production was characterized by a shift from exporting of completely built-up (CBU) vehicles to a knockdown format in response to domestication policies in various countries. Starting in the mid-1980s, the number of overseas production sites grew rapidly in conjunction with the increasingly borderless nature of the global economy, especially in North America and Europe, and, by the end of 2011, Toyota had 50 production affiliates in 26 countries and regions.
Year
|
Month
|
Events
|
---|---|---|
1958
|
January
|
TDB established in Brazil (production commenced in May 1959)
|
1960
|
August
|
Assembly and sales tie-up formed with Planta Reo de Mexico, S.A. in Mexico (production commenced in December 1960 and discontinued in March 1964)*
|
1962
|
February
|
Agency agreement concluded with Toyopet Commercials Pty. Ltd. in South Africa (Finally signed in January 25, 1965) (Production by Motor Assemblies Ltd, commenced in June 1962)
|
June
|
Tie-up formed with Delta Motor Corporation in Philippines (production commenced in November 1962 and discontinued in December 1983)*
|
|
August
|
Tocars C.A. in Venezuela acquires 4 wheel drive-vehicle production license (production commenced in January 1963); TMC invests in Tocars in November 1989 and launches Toyota de Venezuela Compania Anonima (TDV) in September 1992
|
|
October
|
TMT established in Thailand (production commenced in February 1964)
|
|
November
|
Agency agreement concluded with Australian Motor Industries Ltd. (AMI) in Australia (production commenced in April 1963)
|
|
1963
|
January
|
Land Cruiser production agreement entered into with ES Motor in Venezuela (production commenced in December 1963 and discontinued in October 1971)*
|
May
|
CKD agreement entered into with Domingo Basso in Uruguay (production commenced in September 1963 and discontinued in December 1972)*
|
|
1964
|
November
|
CKD export agreement entered into with ECASA in Costa Rica (production commenced in September 1965 and discontinued in October 1982)*
|
1966
|
January
|
Agency agreement concluded with Shinjin Motors in South Korea (production commenced in May 1966 and discontinued in October 1972)*
|
January
|
Tie-up formed with Consolidated Motor (CMD) in New Zealand (production commenced in January 1966 and discontinued in October 1998)*
|
|
January
|
Toyota del Peru S.A. established (production commenced in April 1967 and discontinued in March 1998)*
|
|
1967 |
February
|
Production by SMA in New Zealand commenced (production discontinued in October 1998)*
|
August
|
Agency agreement entered into with Borneo Motors Pte. Ltd. in Malaysia (production by Champion Motor commenced in February 1968; Champion was renamed ASSB in 1975)
|
|
1968
|
April
|
Tie-up formed with Lio Ho Motor Co., Ltd. in Taiwan (production commenced in December 1968 and discontinued in January 1973)*
|
April
|
Production by CIL in New Zealand commenced (production discontinued in October 1998)*
|
|
October
|
CKD agreement entered into with Salvador Caetano (now TCAP) in Portugal (production commenced at Tasso in November 1968 )
|
|
1969
|
July
|
CKD agreement entered into with Fattal Vehicle Assemblies in Ghana (production commenced in July 1969 and discontinued in August 1978)*
|
September
|
Tie-up formed with Canadian Motor Industries in Canada (production commenced in September 1969 and discontinued in November 1975)*
|
|
1970
|
April
|
Production by National Motors Ltd. in Pakistan commenced (production discontinued in August 1985)*
|
May
|
Production by PT. Gaya Motor in Indonesia commenced (production discontinued in March 1982)*
|
|
1971
|
April
|
CKD agreement entered into with Amar Auto Supplies Ltd. in Trinidad and Tobago and production commenced (production discontinued in December 1995)*
|
April
|
Toyota-Astra Motor (now TMMIN) established in Indonesia (production commenced in June 1977
|
|
July
|
Truck bed production outsourcing agreement entered into between Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A. and Atlas International Inc. (production commenced in January 1972)
|
|
1972
|
February
|
CKD Production agreement entered into with Toyota Ireland (production commenced in February 1973 and discontinued in December 1983)*
|
1973
|
December
|
Awami Autos Ltd. in Pakistan commenced production of Toyota vehicles (production discontinued in August 1986)*
|
1975
|
June
|
Associated Vehicle Assemblers (AVA) established in Kenya (production commenced in August 1977)
|
1977
|
November
|
Outsourced production commences at Ford Singapore (production discontinued in October 1979)*
|
1978
|
February
|
Toyota Auto Body Thailand established in Thailand (production of stamped parts commenced in May 1979 and discontinued in 2010)*
|
1979
|
March
|
Master CKD assembly agreement entered into with Aftab in Bangladesh (production commenced in July 1983)
|
1980
|
KD agreement entered into with WMI in Zimbabwe (production commenced in May 1981 and discontinued in November 1991)*
|
|
1981
|
November
|
Tocars in Venezuela commences production of Toyota vehicles
|
1983
|
March
|
CAPTIN established in Canada (production commenced in February 1985)
|
March
|
RZL begins KD production in Zambia (production commenced in March 1983 and discontinued in August 1991)*
|
|
August
|
DCM Toyota (DTL) established in India by a merger (production commenced in May 1985 and discontinued in October 1996)*
|
|
1984
|
February
|
NUMMI established in the U.S.A. (production commenced in December 1984 and discontinued in April 2010)*
|
April
|
Kuozui Motors established in Taiwan (production commenced in January 1986)
|
|
1985
|
October
|
Ayax S.A. in Uruguay begins production (production discontinued in December 1992)*
|
1986
|
January
|
TMM (now TMMK) established in the U.S.A. (production commenced in May 1988)
|
January
|
TMMC established in Canada (production commenced in November 1988)
|
|
October
|
Maresa in Ecuador begins KD production (production commenced in October 1986 and discontinued in February 2001)*
|
|
1987
|
June
|
STM established in Thailand (production commenced in July 1989)
|
June
|
Memorandum of understanding regarding Hanover Project entered into with Volkswagen AG of Germany (production commenced in January 1989 and discontinued in February 1997)*
|
|
1988
|
August
|
TMP established in the Philippines (production commenced in February 1989)
|
November
|
Technical agreement entered into with Shenyang Jinbei Automotive Co., Ltd. in China (production commenced in October 1990)
|
|
1989
|
November
|
TMC invests in Tocars of Venezuela (launched as TDV in 1992)
|
December
|
TMUK established in the United Kingdom (production commenced in August 1992)
|
|
December
|
IMC established in Pakistan (production commenced in March 1993)
|
|
1990
|
January
|
Bodine in the U.S. acquired by TMCS (production at the Troy Plant commenced in January 1993)
|
May
|
TMC invests in SOFASA, a Columbian joint venture with Renault (production commenced in March 1992 and discontinued in November 2008)*
|
|
July
|
Toyotasa established in Turkey (production commenced in September 1994)
|
|
August
|
TAP established in the Philippines (production commenced in September 1992)
|
|
1991
|
May
|
CCP established in the U.S. (production of catalytic converters commenced in May 1989 at the TABC site; production discontinued in April 2011)*
|
1994
|
May
|
TASA established in Argentina (production commenced in March 1997)
|
1995
|
September
|
TMV established in Vietnam (production commenced in August 1996)
|
December
|
TFAP established in China (production commenced in May 1998)
|
|
1996
|
February
|
TMMI established in the U.S.A. (production commenced in February 1999)
|
May
|
TMMWV established in the U.S.A. (production commenced in November 1998)
|
|
June
|
TFTE established in China (production commenced in July 1998)
|
|
1997
|
February
|
TTFC established in China (production commenced in December 1998)
|
July
|
TJAC established in China (production commenced in July 1997) ; Capital relationship ended in January 2011 (status changed to that of a supplier)
|
|
October
|
TKM established in India (production commenced in December 1999)
|
|
1998
|
October
|
TMMF established in France (production commenced in January 2001)
|
November
|
SFTM established in China (production commenced in December 1999)
|
|
1999
|
September
|
TMMP established in Poland (production commenced in April 2002)
|
2000
|
June
|
TFTM established in China (production commenced in October 2002)
|
2001
|
June
|
TMMAL established in the U.S.A. (production commenced in April 2003)
|
2002
|
March
|
TPCA, a joint venture with Peugeot, established in Czechoslovakia (production commenced in February 2005)
|
April
|
TKAP established in India (production commenced in July 2002)
|
|
April
|
TMMBC established in Mexico (production commenced in September 2004)
|
|
October
|
TMIP established in Poland (production commenced in March 2005)
|
|
2003
|
March
|
TMMTX established in the U.S.A. (production commenced in November 2006)
|
March
|
SFTM Changchun established in China (production commenced in October 2003)
|
|
November
|
Production outsourcing agreement entered into with PT. Astra Daihatsu Motor (ADM) in Indonesia (production commenced in December 2003)
|
|
2004
|
February
|
GTE established in China (production commenced in January 2005)
|
March
|
FTCE established in China (production commenced in December 2004)
|
|
March
|
TFTD established in China (production commenced in December 2004)
|
|
September
|
GTMC established in China (production commenced in May 2006)
|
|
2005
|
May
|
TMMR established in Russia (production commenced in December 2007)
|
2007
|
February
|
Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. (SIA) of the U.S.A. begins Camry production
|
April
|
TMMMS established in the U.S.A. (production commenced in October 2011)
|
|
2009
|
December
|
PT Hino Motors Manufacturing Indonesia (HMMI) commences production of Toyota trucks
|
2011
|
February
|
Basic agreement reached with Sollers-Bussan in Russia to conduct assembly locally (production scheduled to begin February 2013)
|
June
|
Production outsourcing agreement entered into with Arab American Vehicles Company (AAV) in Egypt (production commenced in April 2012)
|
- *
- Indicates that the company does not exist as of December 2011